Iindaba - Uhlalutyo lwengxaki yokunxibelelana phakathi kweesethi zejeneretha ye-diesel kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla

Nantsi ingcaciso yesiNgesi eneenkcukacha zemiba emine engundoqo malunga nokudityaniswa kweesethi zejenereyitha ye-diesel kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Le nkqubo yamandla edibeneyo (ehlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Diesel + Storage" hybrid microgrid) isisombululo esiphezulu sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuzinzile, kodwa ulawulo lwayo lunzima kakhulu.

Imiba enguNdoqo Isishwankathelo

I-100ms Reverse Power Ingxaki: Ukuthintela njani ukugcinwa kwamandla ukusuka kumandla okutya ngasemva ukuya kwijeneretha ye-diesel, ngaloo ndlela ukhusela.
Ukuphuma kwamandla rhoqo: Uyigcina njani i-injini ye-diesel isebenza ngokuthe gqolo kwindawo yayo yobuchule obuphezulu.
Ukuqhawulwa ngokukhawuleza koGcino lwaMandla: Indlela yokusingatha impembelelo xa inkqubo yokugcina amandla ngokukhawuleza ihla kwinethiwekhi.
Ingxaki yaMandla aSebenzayo: Ukulungelelaniswa njani ukwabiwa kwamandla asebenzayo phakathi kwemithombo emibini ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamandla ombane.

1. I-100ms Reverse Power Problem

Inkcazo yengxaki:
Amandla okubuyisela umva kwenzeka xa amandla ombane ephuma kwisixokelelwano sogcino lwamandla (okanye umthwalo) ebuyela kwiseti yejenereyitha yedizili. Kwi-injini ye-diesel, oku kusebenza njenge "motor," eqhuba injini. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kunokukhokelela ekubeni:

Ukonakala koomatshini: Ukuqhuba ngokungaqhelekanga kwe-injini kungonakalisa izinto ezifana ne-crankshaft kunye neerodi zokuqhagamshela.
Ukungazinzi kweNkqubo: Kubangela ukuguquguquka kwisantya senjini yedizili (ubuninzi) kunye nombane, okunokukhokelela ekucimeni.

Imfuno yokuyicombulula ngaphakathi kwe-100ms ikhona ngenxa yokuba iijenereyitha ze-diesel zine-inetia enkulu yomatshini kunye neenkqubo zabo zokulawula isantya ziphendula ngokucothayo (ngokwesiqhelo ngokolandelelwano lwemizuzwana). Abanakho ukuxhomekeka kwiziqu zabo ngokukhawuleza ukucinezela oku kubuya kombane. Umsebenzi kufuneka uphathwe nge-Ultra-fast responding Power Conversion System (PCS) yenkqubo yokugcina amandla.

Isisombululo:

UmGaqo oPhambili: "Izikhokelo zedizili, ukugcinwa kuyalandela." Kuyo yonke inkqubo, iseti yejenereyitha yedizili isebenza njengomthombo wombane wombane kunye nereferensi yefrikhwensi (okt, imowudi yolawulo ye-V/F), ngokufana “negridi.” Inkqubo yokugcina amandla isebenza kwiNdlela yoLawulo lwaMandla (PQ), apho amandla ayo aphumayo agqitywe kuphela yimiyalelo evela kumlawuli oyintloko.
Ingqiqo yokulawula:
1. Ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani: Umlawuli oyintloko wenkqubo (okanye iPCS yogcino ngokwayo) ibeka iliso kwimveliso yamandla (P_diesel) kunye nesalathiso sejenereyitha yedizili ngexesha lokwenyani ngesantya esiphezulu (umzekelo, amawaka amaxesha ngomzuzwana).
2. Indawo yokubeka amandla: Indawo yokubeka amandla kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla (P_set) kufuneka onelise:P_layisha(amandla omthwalo ewonke) =P_diesel+P_set.
3. Ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza: Xa umthwalo uyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kubangelaP_dieselukuya kwi-trend negative, umlawuli kufuneka ngaphakathi kwe-milliseconds ezimbalwa athumele umyalelo kwi-PCS yokugcina ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza amandla ayo okukhupha okanye ukutshintshela kumandla okufunxa (ukutshaja). Oku kuthabatha amandla angaphezulu kwiibhetri, ukuqinisekisaP_dieseluhlala enethemba.
IziKhuseli zobuGcisa:
- I-Speed-Speed Communication: Iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo (umzekelo, ibhasi ye-CAN, i-Ethernet ekhawulezayo) iyafuneka phakathi komlawuli we-diesel, i-PCS yokugcina, kunye nomlawuli we-system master ukuqinisekisa ukulibaziseka komyalelo omncinci.
- I-PCS iReply eKhawulezayo: Iiyunithi ze-PCS zogcino lwangoku zinamaxesha okuphendula amandla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kune-100ms, rhoqo ngaphakathi kwe-10ms, ezenza zikwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko.
- UkuKhuselwa okungafunekiyo: Ngaphaya kwekhonkco lolawulo, i-reverse power relay idla ngokufakwa kwimveliso ye-diesel generator njengesithintelo sokugqibela sehardware. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha layo lokusebenza linokuba ngamakhulu ambalwa e-milliseconds, ngoko lisebenza ngokuyintloko njengokhuseleko lokugcina; ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo olungundoqo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yolawulo.

2. UPhumo lwaMandla rhoqo

Inkcazo yengxaki:
Iinjini zedizili zisebenza ngencopho yefuthe lamafutha kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi koluhlu lomthwalo omalunga ne-60% -80% yamandla azo alinganisiweyo. Imithwalo ephantsi ibangela "i-stacking emanzi" kunye nokwakhiwa kwekhabhoni, ngelixa imithwalo ephezulu yandisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila. Injongo kukwahlula idizili ekutshintsheni komthwalo, ukuyigcina izinzile kwindawo esebenzayo.

Isisombululo:

“Ukuchetywa kweNcopho kunye nokuZaliswa kweNtlambo” iQhinga loLawulo:
1. Seta iBasepoint: Iseti yejenereyitha yedizili isetyenziswa kwimveliso yamandla engaguqukiyo iseti kwindawo yayo yokusebenza kakuhle (umzekelo, i-70% yamandla alinganisiweyo).
2. Umgaqo woGcino:
  - Xa uBango loMthwalo> Indawo yeDizili: Amandla anqongopheleyo (P_load - P_diesel_set) incediswa yinkqubo yokugcina amandla yokukhupha.
  - Xa Umthwalo Wokufunwa < I-Diesel Setpoint: Amandla agqithileyo (P_diesel_set - P_load) ifunxwa kukutshaja kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla.
IiNzuzo zeNkqubo:
- I-injini ye-diesel isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, ngokutyibilikayo, ukwandisa ubomi bayo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulondoloza.
- Inkqubo yokugcina amandla igudisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu komthwalo, ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kunye nokuguga okubangelwa kukutshintsha rhoqo komthwalo wedizili.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha ngokubanzi kuncitshiswe kakhulu.

3. Ukuqhawulwa ngesiquphe koGcino lwaMandla

Inkcazo yengxaki:
Inkqubo yogcino lwamandla inokwehla ngequbuliso kwi-intanethi ngenxa yokusilela kwebhetri, isiphene sePCS, okanye iihambo zokhuseleko. Amandla ebekade ephathwa lugcino (nokuba ayavelisa okanye ayasebenzisa) agqithiselwa ngoko nangoko kwiseti yejenereyitha yedizili, nto leyo eyenza umothuko wamandla amakhulu.

Imingcipheko:

Ukuba ukugcinwa kwakukhupha (ukuxhasa umthwalo), ukuqhawulwa kwayo kudlulisa umthwalo opheleleyo kwi-diesel, okunokubangela ukugqithiswa, ukuphindaphinda (isantya) ukuhla, kunye nokuvalwa kokukhusela.
Ukuba indawo yokugcina ibitshaja (ifunxa amandla agqithisileyo), ukuqhawuka kwayo kushiya amandla agqithisileyo edizili ingenandawo yokuya, oko kunokubangela umva amandla kunye nokugqithiswa kwamandla, kubangele ukuvalwa.

Isisombululo:

I-Diesel Side Spinning Reserve: Iseti yejenereyitha yedizili akufuneki ilinganiswe kuphela ngeyona ndawo iphezulu yokusebenza kakuhle. Kufuneka ibe nomthamo oguqukayo osecaleni. Umzekelo, ukuba owona mthwalo uphezulu wenkqubo yi-1000kW kwaye idizili ibaleka kuma-700kW, umthamo olinganisiweyo wedizili kufuneka ube mkhulu kuno-700kW + nowona mthwalo mkhulu unokuba khona wenyathelo (okanye amandla ogcino aphezulu), umz., iyunithi ye-1000kW ekhethiweyo, ebonelela ngesithinteli sama-300kW ukusilela kogcino.
Ulawulo lomthwalo okhawulezayo:
1. INkqubo yokuJonga ixesha lokwenyani: Ngokuqhubekayo ibeka iliso kwisimo kunye nokuhamba kwamandla kwenkqubo yokugcina.
2. Ukufunyanwa kweFault: Emva kokufumanisa ukunqanyulwa kokugcinwa ngokukhawuleza, umlawuli oyintloko ngokukhawuleza uthumela umqondiso wokunciphisa umthwalo okhawulezayo kumlawuli we-diesel.
3. Impendulo yedizili: Isilawuli sedizili sisebenza ngokukhawuleza (umzekelo, ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza inaliti yamafutha) ukuzama ukuthoba amandla ukuze kutshatise umthwalo omtsha. Umthamo wogcino ojikelezayo uthenga ixesha lale mpendulo icothayo ngoomatshini.
Indawo yokuphumla yokugqibela: Ukuchithwa komthwalo: Ukuba ukutshitshiswa kwamandla kukhulu kakhulu ukuba idizili ikwazi ukusingatha, ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo kukukhupha imithwalo engabalulekanga, ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko lwemithwalo ebalulekileyo kunye nejeneretha ngokwayo. Iskimu sokucinywa komthwalo yimfuneko yokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kuyilo lwesixokelelwano.

4. Ingxaki yamandla asebenzayo

Inkcazo yengxaki:
Amandla asebenzayo asetyenziselwa ukuseka iindawo zemagnethi kwaye abalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lwamandla ombane kwiinkqubo ze-AC. Zombini ijenereyitha yedizili kunye nePCS yokugcina kufuneka zithathe inxaxheba kulawulo lwamandla asebenzayo.

Ijeneretha yeDizili: Ilawula ukuphuma kwamandla asebenzayo kunye nevoltheji ngokuhlengahlengisa uvuselelo lwangoku. Amandla ayo asebenzayo akhawulelwe, kwaye impendulo yawo iyacotha.
I-PCS yoGcino: Uninzi lweeyunithi zale mihla ze-PCS zine-quadrant ezine, okuthetha ukuba ziyakwazi ukutofa ngokuzimeleyo nangokukhawuleza okanye zifunxe amandla asebenzayo (ukuba azigqithi kumlinganiselo wazo wamandla obonakalayo we-kVA).

Umngeni: Ukulungelelaniswa njani zombini ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwamandla ombane ngaphandle kokulayisha ngaphezulu nokuba yiyunithi.

Isisombululo:

IziCwangciso zoLawulo:
1. Idizili iLawula iVoltage: Iseti yejenereyitha yedizili isetelwe kwimowudi yeV/F, enoxanduva lokuseka amandla ombane kunye nereferensi yamaza. Inika "umthombo wevoltage" ozinzileyo.
2. UGcino Luthatha inxaxheba kuMgaqo oSebenzayo (Ngokhetho):
  - Imo yePQ: Ugcino luphatha kuphela amandla asebenzayo (P), ngamandla asebenzayo (Q) misela ku-zero. Idizili ibonelela ngawo onke amandla asebenzayo. Le yeyona ndlela ilula kodwa inzima idizili.
  - Indlela Yokukhupha Amandla Asebenzayo: Umlawuli wenkqubo oyintloko uthumela imiyalelo yamandla asebenzayo (Q_iseti) kwi-PCS yokugcina ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zangoku zombane. Ukuba i-voltage yenkqubo iphantsi, yalela ugcino ukuba utofe amandla asebenzayo; ukuba iphezulu, yiyalele ukuba ifunxe amandla asebenzayo. Oku kukhulula umthwalo kwi-diesel, ukuyivumela ukuba igxile kwimveliso yamandla asebenzayo, ngelixa ibonelela ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokukhawuleza ukuzinza kwamandla ombane.
  - I-Power Factor (PF) Indlela yokulawula: I-target factor factor (umzekelo, i-0.95) isetyenzisiwe, kwaye ugcino luhlengahlengisa ngokuzenzekelayo isiphumo saso esisebenzayo ukuze kugcinwe umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wamandla kwi-terminal generator ye-diesel.
Uqwalaselo lwesakhono: I-PCS yogcino kufuneka ilinganiswe ngomthamo wamandla obonakalayo owaneleyo (kVA). Umzekelo, i-500kW PCS ekhupha i-400kW yamandla asebenzayo inokubonelela ngobuninzi bamandla.sqrt(500² - 400²) = 300kVAryamandla asebenzayo. Ukuba imfuno yamandla esebenzayo iphezulu, iPCS enkulu iyafuneka.

Isishwankathelo

Ukufezekisa ngempumelelo uqhakamshelwano oluzinzileyo phakathi kwesethi yejenereyitha yedizili kunye nogcino lwamandla luxhomekeke kulawulo lwemigangatho:

I-Hardware Layer: Khetha i-PCS yokugcina ephendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nesilawuli sejenereyitha ye-diesel ene-interfaces zonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo.
Umaleko woLawulo: Qesha uyilo olusisiseko “lweesethi ze-Diesel V/F, uGcino lwe-PQ.” Umlawuli wenkqubo yesantya esiphezulu wenza ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okwenene kumandla asebenzayo "i-peak shaving / valley filling" kunye nenkxaso yamandla asebenzayo.
Uluhlu loKhuseleko: Uyilo lwenkqubo kufuneka lubandakanye izicwangciso zokukhusela ezibanzi: ukukhuselwa kwamandla okubuyisela umva, ukukhuselwa komthwalo ogqithisiweyo, kunye nokulawula umthwalo (kunye nokukhupha umthwalo) izicwangciso zokusingatha ukunqanyulwa ngokukhawuleza kokugcinwa.

Ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ezichazwe ngasentla, imiba emine engundoqo oye wayiphakamisa ingaqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo ukwakha inkqubo yamandla edibeneyo esebenzayo, ezinzileyo, nethembekileyo ye-diesel-energy yokugcina amandla.