Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweeNdleko zokuVelisa umbane zeeYunithi zokuVelisa iGesi yendalo

I. Ulwakhiwo oluPhambili lweeNdleko zokuVelisa umbane

Iindleko zokuvelisa umbane zeeyunithi zokuvelisa igesi yendalo zithatha ixabiso lombane elilinganisiweyo (LCOE) njengophawu oluphambili lokubala, oluquka amacandelo amathathu aphambili: iindleko zepetroli, iindleko zotyalo-mali lokwakha kunye neendleko zokusebenza nokugcina. Umlinganiselo wezinto ezintathu ubonisa usasazo olucacileyo lomahluko, apho iindleko zepetroli zilawula kwaye zimisela ngokuthe ngqo inqanaba leendleko lilonke.

(I) Ixabiso lepetroli: Umlinganiselo weendleko, Eyona mpembelelo ibalulekileyo evela kukuguquguquka

Ixabiso lepetroli lelona candelo likhulu leendleko zokuvelisa umbane zeeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo. Idatha yokubala imboni ibonisa ukuba inqanaba layo ngokubanzi lifikelela kuma-60%-80%, kwaye lingadlula ama-80% kwezinye iindawo ezingaqhelekanga zemarike, nto leyo eyenza ukuba libe lolona tshintsho lubalulekileyo oluchaphazela ukuguquguquka kweendleko zokuvelisa umbane. Ukubalwa kweendleko zepetroli kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwixabiso legesi yendalo (kubandakanya ixabiso lokuthenga kunye nomrhumo wokuhambisa kunye nokusasazwa) kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kwiyunithi. Ifomyula yokubala ephambili yile: Ixabiso lepetroli (yuan/kWh) = Ixabiso leYunithi yeGesi yendalo (yuan/imitha yekyubhiki) ÷ Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kwiYunithi (kWh/imitha yekyubhiki).

Xa idibene nenqanaba langoku leshishini eliphambili, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo legesi yendalo yasekhaya kwisityalo limalunga ne-2.8 yuan/cubic meter. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kweeyunithi eziqhelekileyo ze-combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) malunga ne-5.5-6.0 kWh/cubic meter, ehambelana neendleko zokuveliswa kwamandla zeyunithi ezimalunga ne-0.47-0.51 yuan; ukuba iiyunithi zenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ezisasazwayo ziyasetyenziswa, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kumalunga ne-3.8-4.2 kWh/cubic meter, kwaye iindleko zokuveliswa kwamandla zeyunithi zinyuka ziye kwi-0.67-0.74 yuan. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba malunga ne-40% yegesi yendalo yasekhaya ixhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso e-LNG angaphandle kunye notshintsho kwimveliso yemithombo yegesi yasekhaya, ukubonelela, ukugcina kunye nepateni yokuthengisa kuya kudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwixabiso lepetroli. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso asezantsi e-Asia JKM ngo-2022, iindleko zokuvelisa umbane zeyunithi yamashishini asebenzisa igesi asekhaya zadlula i-0.6 yuan, zidlula kakhulu uluhlu lwe-break-even.

(II) Iindleko zoTyalo-mali loLwakhiwo: Inxalenye eZinzileyo yoTyalo-mali oluZinzileyo, Ukuhla okuncediswa kukwenziwa kwendawo

Iindleko zotyalo-mali lokwakha lutyalo-mali oluhlala ixesha elinye, oluquka ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, ubunjineli bokwakha, ukufakelwa kunye nokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi, iindleko zokuthengwa komhlaba kunye neendleko zemali. Inxalenye yayo kwindleko zokuvelisa umbane zomjikelo opheleleyo imalunga ne-15%-25%, kwaye izinto eziphambili ezinefuthe linqanaba lobuchwephesha bezixhobo kunye nezinga lokusetyenziswa kwazo.

Ngokwembono yokuthengwa kwezixhobo, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili beeturbine zegesi ezinzima kudala bulawulwa ziinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye amaxabiso ezixhobo ezingenisiweyo kunye nezinto eziphambili ahlala ephezulu. Ixabiso lotyalo-mali oluzinzileyo lweyunithi ye-kilowatt yeprojekthi yokuvelisa umbane we-kilowatt yezigidi zeerandi limalunga ne-4500-5500 yuan, phakathi kwazo i-turbine yegesi kunye ne-boiler yobushushu obuxhasayo ibandakanya malunga ne-45% yotyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwezixhobo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini asekhaya akhawulezise ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe. Amashishini afana neWeichai Power kunye neShanghai Electric aye aqonda kancinci indawo yeeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo eziphakathi nezikhaphukhaphu kunye nezinto eziphambili, enciphisa iindleko zokuthenga izixhobo ezifanayo nge-15%-20% xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezingenisiweyo, ehlisa ngempumelelo iindleko zotyalo-mali lokwakha iyonke. Ukongeza, amandla eyunithi kunye neemeko zokufakela nazo zichaphazela iindleko zokwakha. Iiyunithi ezincinci ezisasazwayo zinemijikelo emifutshane yokufaka (iinyanga ezi-2-3 kuphela), utyalo-mali oluphantsi lobunjineli bokwakha, kunye neendleko zotyalo-mali oluphantsi lweyunithi ye-kilowatt kunezikhululo zamandla ezinkulu eziphakathi; Nangona iiyunithi ezinkulu zemijikelo edibeneyo zinotyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala, zineengenelo ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuvelisa umbane kwaye zinokunciphisa iindleko zotyalo-mali lweeyunithi ngokuvelisa umbane omkhulu.

(III) Iindleko Zokusebenza Nokugcina: Utyalo-mali Oluqhubekayo Lwexesha Elide, Indawo Enkulu Yokuphucula Ubuchwepheshe

Iindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa zizinto ezihlala zihleli kumjikelo wobomi opheleleyo, kuquka ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kwezixhobo, ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo, iindleko zomsebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kweoyile yokuthambisa, unyango lokukhusela okusingqongileyo, njl. Umlinganiselo wayo kwindleko yokuvelisa umbane opheleleyo umalunga ne-5%-10%. Ngokwembono yendlela yokusebenza kweshishini, iindleko eziphambili zokusebenza nokugcinwa kukutshintshwa kwezinto eziphambili kunye neenkonzo zokugcinwa, phakathi kwazo iindleko eziphakathi zokugcinwa kweturbine enye enkulu yegesi zinokufikelela kwi-300 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye iindleko zokutshintshwa kwezinto eziphambili ziphezulu kakhulu.

Iiyunithi ezinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa zinomahluko omkhulu kwiindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa: nangona iiyunithi ezivelisa ukusebenza okuphezulu zinotyalo-mali oluphezulu lokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kweoyile yokuthambisa yi-1/10 kuphela kweyo yeeyunithi eziqhelekileyo, kunye nemijikelo emide yokutshintsha ioyile kunye namathuba aphantsi okuvalwa, okunokunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nokulahleka kokuvalwa; ngokuchaseneyo, iiyunithi ezibuyela umva kwezobuchwepheshe zineengxaki rhoqo, ezinganyusi nje kuphela iindleko zokutshintshwa kwezixhobo, kodwa zikwachaphazela ingeniso yokuveliswa kwamandla ngenxa yokuvalwa, nto leyo enyusa ngokungathanga ngqo iindleko ezipheleleyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yokusebenza nokugcinwa kwendawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokuxilonga ezikrelekrele, iindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kweeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo zasekhaya ziye zehla kancinci kancinci. Ukuphuculwa kwezinga lokugcinwa elizimeleyo kwezinto eziphambili kuye kunciphisa iindleko zokutshintshwa ngaphezulu kwe-20%, kwaye ixesha lokugcinwa longezwe kwiiyure ezingama-32,000, nto leyo ecinezela ngakumbi indawo yeendleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa.

II. Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Ezichaphazela Iindleko Zokuvelisa Umbane

Ukongeza kwezi zinto ziphambili zingasentla, iindleko zokuvelisa umbane zeeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo nazo zichaphazeleka ziinguqu ezininzi ezifana nendlela yokubeka ixabiso legesi, ulwalathiso lomgaqo-nkqubo, uphuhliso lwemarike yekhabhoni, ulwakhiwo lwengingqi kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa kweeyunithi, phakathi kwazo impembelelo yendlela yokubeka ixabiso legesi kunye nophuhliso lwemarike yekhabhoni yeyona nto iphambili.

(I) Indlela yoKwamaxabiso eGesi kunye neSiqinisekiso soMthombo weGesi

Uzinzo lwamaxabiso egesi yendalo kunye neemodeli zokuthengwa zimisela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esetyenziswa ngayo iindleko zepetroli, zize zichaphazele iindleko zokuvelisa umbane zizonke. Okwangoku, ixabiso legesi yendalo yasekhaya lenze indlela yokudibanisa "ixabiso elilinganiselweyo + ixabiso elihambayo". Ixabiso elilinganiselweyo liqhagamshelwe kumaxabiso eoli ekrwada yamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-LNG, kwaye ixabiso elihambayo lihlengahlengiswa ngokwemarike kunye neemfuno. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwixabiso lokuvelisa umbane. Umthamo wesiqinisekiso somthombo wegesi nawo uchaphazela iindleko. Kwimimandla yeziko lomthwalo efana neYangtze River Delta kunye nePearl River Delta, izitishi zokwamkela i-LNG zixinene, inqanaba lokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi yemibhobho liphezulu, iindleko zokuhambisa nokusasaza ziphantsi, unikezelo lomthombo wegesi luzinzile, kwaye iindleko zepetroli ziyalawuleka; ngelixa kummandla wasentshona-ntshona, unqunyelwe zizibonelelo zokusasaza nokusasaza umthombo wegesi, iindleko zokuhambisa nokusasaza igesi yendalo ziphezulu, zinyusa iindleko zokuvelisa umbane zeeyunithi ezivelisa kulo mmandla. Ukongeza, amashishini anokuvala amaxabiso emithombo yegesi ngokusayina izivumelwano zokubonelela ngegesi zexesha elide, ephepha ngempumelelo iingozi zeendleko ezibangelwa kukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso egesi yamazwe ngamazwe.

(II) Uqhelaniso lweMigaqo-nkqubo kunye neNkqubo yeMarike

Iindlela zomgaqo-nkqubo zichaphazela kakhulu iindleko ezipheleleyo kunye namanqanaba engeniso yeeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo ngokudluliselwa kweendleko kunye nembuyekezo yengeniso. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iTshayina ikhuthaze kancinci kancinci utshintsho lwexabiso lombane elinamacandelo amabini lokuveliswa kombane wegesi yendalo, eliye laqalwa ukuphunyezwa kumaphondo afana neShanghai, Jiangsu kunye neGuangdong. Ukubuyiswa kweendleko ezimiselweyo kuqinisekisiwe ngexabiso lomthamo, kwaye ixabiso lamandla linxulunyaniswa nexabiso legesi ukudlulisa iindleko zepetroli. Phakathi kwazo, iGuangdong inyuse ixabiso lomthamo ukusuka kwi-100 yuan/kW/ngonyaka ukuya kwi-264 yuan/kW/ngonyaka, elinokugubungela i-70%-80% yeendleko ezimiselweyo zeprojekthi, nto leyo ephelisa ingxaki yokudluliselwa kweendleko. Kwangaxeshanye, umgaqo-nkqubo wembuyekezo yeeyunithi eziqala ngokukhawuleza kwimarike yenkonzo yokuncedisa uye waphucula ngakumbi isakhiwo sengeniso yeeprojekthi zamandla ezisebenzisa igesi. Ixabiso lembuyekezo yomgaqo-nkqubo ophezulu kwezinye iindawo lifikelele kwi-0.8 yuan/kWh, eliphezulu kakhulu kunengeniso yesiqhelo yokuveliswa kombane.

(III) Uphuhliso lweMarike yeKhabhoni kunye neeNzuzo eziphantsi zeKhabhoni

Ngenxa yokuphucuka okuqhubekayo kwemarike yelizwe yorhwebo ngamalungelo okukhupha ikhabhoni, iindleko zekhabhoni ziye zafakwa ngaphakathi kancinci kancinci, zaba yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela uqoqosho lweeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo. Ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside kwiyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo bumalunga ne-50% yamandla asebenzisa amalahle (malunga ne-380 grams ye-CO₂/kWh vs. malunga ne-820 grams ye-CO₂/kWh yamandla asebenzisa amalahle). Ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ekhabhoni, iingenelo zayo zekhabhoni ephantsi ziyaqhubeka nokuba sobala. Ixabiso lekhabhoni lasekhaya langoku limalunga ne-50 yuan/ton ye-CO₂, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba linyuke liye kwi-150-200 yuan/ton ngo-2030. Ukuthatha iyunithi enye ye-600,000-kilowatt enokukhutshwa ngonyaka kwe-3 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO₂ njengomzekelo, amandla asebenzisa amalahle kuya kufuneka athwale iindleko ezongezelelweyo zekhabhoni ezingama-450-600 ezigidi zeeyuan ngonyaka ngelo xesha, ngelixa amandla asebenzisa igesi engama-40% kuphela yamandla asebenzisa amalahle, kwaye umsantsa weendleko phakathi kwamandla asebenzisa igesi kunye namandla asebenzisa amalahle uya kuncitshiswa ngakumbi. Ukongeza, iiprojekthi zamandla asebenzisa igesi zinokufumana ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ngokuthengisa ii-extra carbon quotas kwixesha elizayo, okulindeleke ukuba kuncitshiswe iindleko zombane ezilinganiswe kumjikelo wobomi bonke nge-3%-5%.

(IV) Amaxesha okusetyenziswa kweYunithi

Iiyure zokusetyenziswa kweyunithi zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isiphumo sokuhlawulwa kweendleko ezisisigxina. Okukhona iiyure zokusetyenziswa ziphezulu, kokukhona iindleko zokuveliswa kombane zeyunithi ziphantsi. Iiyure zokusetyenziswa kweeyunithi zokuvelisa igesi yendalo zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo neemeko zokusetyenziswa: izitishi zamandla ezikwindawo enye, njengemithombo yamandla elawula umbane ephezulu, zihlala zineeyure zokusetyenziswa zeeyure ezingama-2500-3500; izitishi zamandla ezisasazwe, ezikufutshane nemfuno yomthwalo wesiphelo seendawo zoshishino kunye namaziko edatha, zinokufikelela kwiiyure zokusetyenziswa zeeyure ezingama-3500-4500, kwaye iindleko zokuveliswa kombane zeyunithi zinokuncitshiswa nge-0.03-0.05 yuan/kWh. Ukuba iiyure zokusetyenziswa zingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-2000, iindleko ezizinzileyo azinakuhlawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekonyukeni okukhulu kweendleko zokuveliswa kombane ezipheleleyo kunye nelahleko.

III. Imeko yeendleko zoshishino zangoku

Idityaniswe nedatha yangoku yeshishini, phantsi komgangatho wexabiso legesi yendalo eliyi-2.8 yuan/cubic meter, iiyure zokusetyenziswa zeeyure ezingama-3000 kunye nexabiso lekhabhoni eliyi-50 yuan/ton ye-CO₂, ixabiso lombane elilinganisiweyo lomjikelo opheleleyo weeprojekthi ze-combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) limalunga ne-0.52-0.60 yuan/kWh, liphezulu kancinci kunelo lamandla asebenzisa amalahle (malunga ne-0.45-0.50 yuan/kWh), kodwa liphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso elipheleleyo lamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla (malunga ne-0.65-0.80 yuan/kWh).

Ngokwembono yomahluko wengingqi, ukuxhamla kubonelelo oluzinzileyo lwemithombo yegesi, inkxaso ephuculweyo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokwamkelwa kwexabiso eliphezulu lekhabhoni, iindleko zombane ezilinganisiweyo zomjikelo opheleleyo wezityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa igesi kwiindawo ezithwala umthwalo ezifana neYangtze River Delta kunye nePearl River Delta zinokulawulwa kwi-0.45-0.52 yuan/kWh, enesiseko soqoqosho sokukhuphisana namandla asebenzisa amalahle; phakathi kwabo, njengovavanyo lokurhweba ngekhabhoni, ixabiso eliphakathi lekhabhoni laseGuangdong ngo-2024 lifikelele kwi-95 yuan/ton, lidibene nendlela yokuhlawula amandla, inzuzo yeendleko icacile ngakumbi. Kwingingqi yasentshona-ntshona, encitshiswe sisiqinisekiso somthombo wegesi kunye neendleko zokuhambisa nokusasaza, iindleko zokuvelisa umbane zeyunithi ngokubanzi ziphezulu kune-0.60 yuan/kWh, kwaye uqoqosho lweprojekthi lubuthathaka.

Ngokwembono yoshishino ngokubanzi, iindleko zokuvelisa umbane kwiiyunithi zokuvelisa igesi yendalo zibonisa umkhwa wokuphucula "ophantsi kwixesha elifutshane kwaye uphucuka kwixesha elide": kwixesha elifutshane, ngenxa yamaxabiso aphezulu egesi kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa eziphantsi kwezinye iindawo, indawo yenzuzo incinci; kwixesha eliphakathi nelide, kunye nokwahlukahluka kwemithombo yegesi, ukubekwa kwezixhobo kwindawo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ekhabhoni kunye nokuphuculwa kweendlela zomgaqo-nkqubo, iindleko ziya kuncipha kancinci kancinci. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2030, izinga langaphakathi lembuyekezo (IRR) yeeprojekthi zamandla ezisebenzisa igesi ezisebenzayo kunye nobuchule bokulawula iiasethi zekhabhoni liya kuba lizinzile kuluhlu lwe-6%-8%.

IV. Izikhokelo eziphambili zokuphucula iindleko

Xa zidityaniswe nokwakheka kweendleko kunye nezinto ezinefuthe, ukuphuculwa kweendleko zokuvelisa umbane kwiiyunithi zokuvelisa igesi yendalo kufuneka kugxile kwizinto ezine eziphambili "zokulawula amafutha, ukunciphisa utyalo-mali, ukuphucula ukusebenza nokugcinwa, kunye nokonwabela imigaqo-nkqubo", kunye nokufezekisa ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kweendleko ezibanzi ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo kunye nokunxibelelana nemigaqo-nkqubo.

Okokuqala, ukuzinzisa ukunikezelwa kwemithombo yegesi kunye nokulawula iindleko zepetroli. Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano nabathengisi abakhulu begesi yendalo basekhaya, ukusayina izivumelwano zokunikezelwa kwegesi ixesha elide ukuze kuthintelwe amaxabiso emithombo yegesi; ukukhuthaza ulwakhiwo olwahlukeneyo lwemithombo yegesi, ukuxhomekeka ekwandeni kwemveliso yegesi yeshale yasekhaya kunye nokuphuculwa kwezivumelwano zexesha elide zokungenisa i-LNG ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumaxabiso egesi athengiswayo ngamazwe ngamazwe; kwangaxeshanye, ukuphucula inkqubo yokutsha kweyunithi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ngeyunithi nganye yokuveliswa kombane.

Okwesibini, khuthaza ukubekwa kwezixhobo kwindawo yazo kwaye unciphise utyalo-mali lokwakha. Qhubeka ukhulisa utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ephambili, uphule imiqobo yokubekwa kweendawo zeendawo zeiturbine zegesi ezinzima, kwaye unciphise iindleko zokuthenga izixhobo; phucula uyilo lweprojekthi kunye neenkqubo zokufakela, nciphisa umjikelo wokwakha, kwaye uhlawule iindleko zemali kunye notyalo-mali lobunjineli bokwakha; khetha ngokufanelekileyo umthamo weyunithi ngokweemeko zesicelo ukuze kufezekiswe ulungelelwaniso phakathi kotyalo-mali kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Okwesithathu, phucula imodeli yokusebenza nokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa. Yakha iqonga elikrelekrele lokuxilonga, xhomekeke kwi-big data kunye netekhnoloji ye-5G ukuze ufumane isilumkiso esichanekileyo kwangethuba malunga nemeko yempilo yezixhobo, kwaye ukhuthaze utshintsho lwemodeli yokusebenza nokugcinwa ukusuka "kulondolozo olungasebenziyo" ukuya "kwisilumkiso sangethuba esisebenzayo"; khuthaza indawo yetekhnoloji yokusebenza nokugcinwa, umisele iqela lobuchwephesha lokusebenza nokugcinwa, uphucule amandla okugcinwa azimeleyo ezinto eziphambili, kwaye unciphise iindleko zokugcina kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo; khetha iiyunithi ezisebenzayo kakhulu ukunciphisa amathuba okuvalwa kokungasebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokusetyenziswa.

Okwesine, nxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nemigaqo-nkqubo kwaye ufumane ingeniso eyongezelelweyo. Phendula ngenkuthalo kwimigaqo-nkqubo efana nentlawulo yamaxabiso ombane kunye nolawulo oluphezulu olunezigaba ezibini, kwaye uzame ukuxhasa ukuhanjiswa kweendleko kunye nenkxaso yembuyekezo; cwangcisa inkqubo yolawulo lweeasethi zekhabhoni ngokukhawuleza, sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indlela yemarike yekhabhoni ukuze ufumane ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ngokuthengisa ii-quotas zekhabhoni ezingaphezulu kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwizixhobo zemali yekhabhoni, kwaye uphucule ngakumbi isakhiwo seendleko; khuthaza uyilo oluhambelanayo lwamandla amaninzi "egesi-photovoltaic-hydrogen", uphucule iiyure zokusetyenziswa kweeyunithi, kwaye uhlawule iindleko ezizinzileyo.

V. Isiphelo

Iindleko zokuvelisa umbane kwiiyunithi zokuvelisa igesi yendalo zigxile kwiindleko zepetroli, ezixhaswa lutyalo-mali lokwakha kunye neendleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, kwaye zichaphazeleka ngokudibeneyo zizinto ezininzi ezifana nexabiso legesi, umgaqo-nkqubo, imakethi yekhabhoni kunye nolwakhiwo lwengingqi. Uqoqosho lwayo aluxhomekekanga kuphela kwinqanaba layo lobugcisa kunye namandla olawulo, kodwa nakwimiba enzulu yepateni yemarike yamandla kunye nokuqhelaniswa nomgaqo-nkqubo. Okwangoku, nangona iindleko zokuvelisa umbane kwiiyunithi zokuvelisa igesi yendalo ziphezulu kancinci kunezo zamandla asebenzisa amalahle, ngokuqhubela phambili kwenjongo "yekhabhoni ezimbini", ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ekhabhoni kunye nokuphumelela kwendawo yezixhobo, iingenelo zayo zekhabhoni ephantsi kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho ziya kuba zibonakala kancinci kancinci.

Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokuveliswa kwegesi yendalo, ukubonelela, ukugcina kunye nokuthengisa kunye nokuphuculwa okunzulu kwemarike yamandla kunye nemarike yekhabhoni, iindleko zokuveliswa kwamandla eeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo ziya kuphuculwa kancinci kancinci, zibe yinkxaso ebalulekileyo yokudibanisa amandla avuselelekayo aphezulu kunye nokhuseleko lwamandla. Kumashishini oshishino, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezichaphazela iindleko, ukugxila kwizikhokelo eziphambili zokwenziwa ngcono, kunye nokunciphisa rhoqo iindleko zokuveliswa kwamandla ngokubanzi ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo kunye nonxibelelwano lomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike lweeyunithi ezivelisa igesi yendalo, kunye nokunceda ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla.