Njengesixhobo sombane esidibeneyo nesisetyenziswa kwiimodyuli,iyunithi yesikhongozeli esine-voltage ephezuluIsetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, umbane ongxamisekileyo, umbane kwiindawo ezikude nakwezinye iimeko ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokufakelwa okulula, ukhuseleko oluqinileyo kunye nokuguquguquka ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwazo, imodeli ye-10.5kV luqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo kwizicelo zobunjineli zangoku, kwaye inokuzivumelanisa ngokulula neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zenqanaba le-voltage ezifana ne-6.3kV, 6kV kunye ne-11kV. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ngakumbi ngoqwalaselo olupheleleyo lombane lweyunithi yesikhongozeli se-voltage ephezulu, kubandakanya inkqubo ephambili, izibonelelo ezincedisayo, iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yokusetyenziswa, ibonelela ngereferensi yobuchwephesha ebanzi yokukhetha, ukufakela kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweyunithi.
Ulwakhiwo lombane lweyunithi yesikhongozeli esine-voltage ephezulu lusekelwe kwiiparameter ezilinganisiweyo, ezichaza ububanzi obufanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokusebenza kweyunithi. I-voltage elinganisiweyo yeyunithi yi-10.5kV (i-voltage yomgca), isebenzisa imo yombane ye-50Hz enamanqanaba amathathu, amandla alinganisiweyo aqhelekileyo agubungela i-800kW ~ 3000kW, kwaye isantya esilinganisiweyo sigcinwa ngokuzinzileyo kwi-1500rpm ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kunye nozinzo lokunikezelwa kombane. Ijenereyitha isebenzisa imo yoqhagamshelo lwe-Y enamanqanaba amathathu, kwaye indawo engathathi cala isekelwe kwi-resistor ye-NGR, ethintela ngokufanelekileyo umbane we-ground fault kwaye iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo; udidi lwe-insulation lufikelela kwiKlasi H, kwaye ukunyuka kobushushu kuvavanywa ngokweKlasi F, enokuzivumelanisa neemfuno zokusebenza phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima; ngokweklasi yokhuseleko, ijenereyitha yi-IP23, kwaye umzimba oyintloko wesikhongozeli yi-IP54/IP55, enokuxhathisa ngempumelelo ukungena kothuli lwangaphandle, amanzi emvula kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, kwaye ifanelekile ukufakwa nokusetyenziswa kwendalo yangaphandle neyomeleleyo.
Inkqubo ephambili yejenereyitha yeyona nto iphambili kumbane weyunithi, kwaye uqwalaselo lwayo lumisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wombane kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Icandelo eliphambili lale nkqubo yijenereyitha ehambelanayo engenabhrashi, enokukhethwa njengohlobo oluthwala omnye okanye oluthwala kabini ngokweemfuno. Olu phawu lukhethwa njengeempawu ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela ezifana neStamford, uLeroy Somer kunye noMeccalte, okanye iimveliso zochungechunge lwasekhaya olune-voltage ephezulu ezisebenza ngokulinganayo. Indlela yokuvuselela isebenzisa i-PMG permanent magnet excitation edityaniswe ne-digital AVR. Olu qwalaselo alunazo nje kuphela amandla abalaseleyo okulwa nokuphazamiseka, kodwa lunokwenza ummiselo ochanekileyo we-voltage, phakathi kwawo izinga lolawulo lwe-voltage oluzinzileyo yi-≤±0.25%, kwaye amandla okuvuselela anamandla anokufikelela kwi-10s 300% overload, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyunithi isenokugcina uzinzo lwe-voltage xa umthwalo utshintshatshintsha. Kwangaxeshanye, izinga lokuphambuka kwe-voltage yejenereyitha yi-≤3% (iimeko ezingenamthwalo kunye nesiqingatha somthwalo), ukumelana nokugquma okubandayo (15–35℃) yi-≥2MΩ, kwaye i-voltage yokumelana ne-frequency yamandla inokuthwala i-1min 42kV (ukuya emhlabeni), ehlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokugquma kunye nokumelana neemfuno ze-voltage zezixhobo ze-voltage ephezulu. Ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwenkqubo, le yunithi ixhotyiswe ngekhabhinethi yokugquma engathathi cala (NGR), equlathe izithinteli zokugquma, ii-transformers zangoku, izixhobo zokukhusela iimpazamo zomhlaba, iiswitshi zokwahlukanisa, izibane zesalathisi kunye nezinye izinto. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukunciphisa umbane we-ground fault, ukuthintela i-overvoltage, kunye nokwenza kube lula ukukhubeka kwenkqubo yokukhusela i-relay ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwanda kwempazamo.
Inkqubo yokusasazwa kwamandla kunye neswitshi ephezulu yikhonkco eliphambili ekudlulisweni nasekusasazweni kwamandla ombane kwiyunithi, ikakhulu kubandakanya iswitshi ye-high-voltage, ikhabhinethi ye-PT kunye nekhabhinethi ehambelanayo (elungiselelwe xa iiyunithi ezininzi zihambelana). Phakathi kwazo, iswitshi ye-high-voltage, njengekhabhinethi ye-outlet yejenereyitha, ine-vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) njengenxalenye yayo ephambili, ene-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-12kV kunye nomthamo wokuqhekeka we-≥25kA, enokusika ngokuthembekileyo umbane wephutha kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko lwenkqubo. Ikhabhinethi ixhotyiswe ngeklasi yokulinganisa nokukhusela (5P20) CT/PT, phakathi kwayo inkcazo ye-PT yi-10.5kV/0.1kV, esetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulinganisa i-voltage, ulawulo lokuvumelanisa kunye nokukhusela i-overvoltage/undervoltage; kwangaxeshanye, ixhotyiswe nge-10kV zinc oxide arrester ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo ijenereyitha kunye ne-transformer ephambili kwimpembelelo ye-overvoltage. Ukongeza, iswitshi ikwanazo nemisebenzi yokukhusela iimpazamo zomhlaba, ukugqithisa kakhulu kunye nokukhusela iimpazamo zomhlaba, ixhasa imisebenzi yokuvula nokuvala ngesandla kunye nombane, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokubonisa indawo kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa umbane ukuthintela ukusebenza kakubi. Ikhabhinethi ye-PT luqwalaselo olunokuzikhethela, olunomsebenzi ophambili kukubonelela ngezibonakaliso zevolthi, iimpawu zokuvumelanisa, umbane wezixhobo kunye nemithombo yevolthi yokukhusela inkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yolawulo kunye nokukhusela. Xa iiyunithi ezininzi kufuneka zilinganiswe, ikhabhinethi ehambelanayo iyafuneka. Ikhabhinethi idibanisa izixhobo zokuvumelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo zokuvumelanisa ngesandla, inomahluko wamaza, umahluko wevolthi kunye nemisebenzi yokudibanisa umahluko we-engile yesigaba, kwaye inokufezekisa amandla asebenzayo azenzekelayo kunye nokwabelana ngamandla asebenzayo phakathi kweeyunithi, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye noqoqosho lokusebenza okuhambelanayo.
Inkqubo yolawulo nokukhusela "yingqondo" yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kweyunithi, iquka iimodyuli ezintathu: isilawuli seyunithi, ukhuselo lwereyila ye-high-voltage kunye nokubeka esweni kwendawo/kude. Isilawuli seyunithi sikhetha ngokukhethekileyo iimpawu ezaziwayo ezifana neDeepsea DSE7320 kunye neComAp okanye iimveliso zasekhaya ezinentsebenzo efanayo. Inemisebenzi yokuqalisa/yokumisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye ne-AMF (ukudluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa amandla e-mains engasebenzi), kwaye inokujonga iiparameter zokusebenza eziphambili ngexesha langempela ezifana nobushushu bamanzi, uxinzelelo lweoyile, isantya, i-voltage, i-current, i-frequency kunye namandla. Kwangaxeshanye, idibanisa imisebenzi emininzi yokukhusela efana ne-overvoltage/undervoltage, i-overfrequency/underfrequency, i-overcurrent, i-short circuit, i-overspeed, i-high-voltage yamanzi kunye noxinzelelo lweoyile oluphantsi. Ingarekhoda ngokuzenzekelayo ulwazi lwempazamo kunye neziganeko zembali, kwaye ixhase unxibelelwano olukude lwe-RS485/Ethernet, ibonelela ngokulula kolawulo lokusebenza kunye nolondolozo. Ukhuseleko lwe-relay ye-high-voltage lusebenzisa isixhobo sokukhusela i-microcomputer, esixhotyiswe ngemisebenzi yokukhusela epheleleyo, kubandakanya ukhuseleko lokwahluka kwejenereyitha, ukhuseleko lokuhamba ngokukhawuleza/ngokukhawulezileyo, ukhuseleko lwempazamo yomhlaba (i-NGR side zero-sequence CT), ukhuseleko lwe-overvoltage/undervoltage, ukhuseleko lwe-overfrequency/underfrequency kunye nokhuselo lwamandla angasemva (xa iqhagamshelwe kwigridi). Ingaphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimpazamo, inqumle isekethe yempazamo ngexesha, kwaye inciphise umngcipheko wokonakala kwezixhobo. Ngokuphathelele ukujonga, kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yeendlela zasekuhlaleni nezikude. Kwindawo, iphaneli yokulawula ye-high-voltage kunye nephaneli yokulawula ye-low-voltage zicwangciswe phakathi kwelinye icala lesikhongozeli, ziququzelela ukusebenza kunye nokubeka iliso kwindawo; kude, ixhasa iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano ze-MODBUS TCP/4G/5G, kwaye inokuqhagamshelwa kwinkqubo ye-SCADA okanye kwiqonga lefu ukuze kufezekiswe ukujonga imeko yokusebenza kweyunithi ngexesha langempela, ukulungiswa kweparameter kunye nesilumkiso sangaphambi kwexesha sempazamo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa.
Inkqubo yombane encedisayo ene-voltage ephantsi inika isiqinisekiso sokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweyunithi, ikakhulu kubandakanya ikhabhinethi yokusasazwa kwamandla e-AC400V ene-voltage ephantsi kunye nenkqubo ye-DC24V DC. Ikhabhinethi yokusasazwa kwamandla e-voltage ephantsi ikakhulu inika umbane kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo, kubandakanya izixhobo ezilwa nokuqandisa kunye nezithintela ukufuma ezifana nezifudumezi zamanzi, izifudumezi zendawo kunye nezifudumezi zokususa ukufuma, izixhobo zombane ezilawula okusingqongileyo kunye nezincedisayo ezifana nezibane zesikhongozeli, amasokhethi, iifeni zokukhupha umbane kunye nezivalo zombane, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko kunye nolawulo ezifana neetshaja, izixhobo zombane zokulawula kunye nezixhobo zokubona umlilo/umsi; ikhabhinethi ixhotyiswe nge-MCCB, iziqhekezi zesekethe ezincinci, izixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza, izibane zesalathisi, ii-voltmeters/ammeters, njl.njl., ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kobonelelo lombane oluncedisayo. Inkqubo yeDC24V DC, njengombane ongxamisekileyo nowolawulo lweyunithi, isebenzisa iibhetri zokugcina i-lead-acid okanye eziphantsi zobushushu ezingasetyenziswayo ezingama-24V ezinomthamo we-150–200Ah, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngetshaja ekrelekrele yokudada/yokulinganisa enevolthi yokufaka ye-AC400V, enokwenza ulawulo lokutshaja nokukhupha ibhetri ngokuzenzekelayo; kwangaxeshanye, ixhotyiswe ngeswitshi yokwahlula ibhetri (etshixwayo), ifuse kunye nesixhobo sokujonga i-insulation ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yeDC, kwaye kuthintelwe impembelelo yokusilela kombane we-DC ekuqaliseni nasekusebenzeni kweyunithi okuqhelekileyo.
Inkqubo yokuvuselela kunye ne-AVR yinkqubo encedisayo ephambili ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwe-voltage yejenereyitha, isebenza ngokubambisana nenkqubo ephambili yejenereyitha. Le yunithi isebenzisa imo yokuvuselela engenamagagasi esisigxina ye-PMG (uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo). Xa kuthelekiswa nemo yokuvuselela yendabuko, ineengenelo zobuchule obuqinileyo bokulwa nokuphazamiseka, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kokuqala kunye nokugcinwa okulula, kwaye inokuzivumelanisa neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo. Njengesiseko solawulo lwenkqubo yokuvuselela, i-digital automatic voltage regulator (AVR) ayinakukwazi kuphela ukufezekisa ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ezenzekelayo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwe-voltage yemveliso yejenereyitha, kodwa ikwaxhasa ulawulo lwamandla/amandla olusebenzayo kunye nokwabelana ngamandla okusebenza ngexesha lokusebenza ngaxeshanye, iphucula ngakumbi umgangatho wobonelelo lwamandla kunye noqoqosho lokusebenza kweyunithi.
Intambo, ibhasi kunye nenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba "ziimithambo yegazi" zolwakhiwo lombane, oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokudluliselwa kwamandla ombane. Intambo ye-high-voltage ikhetha intambo ye-YJV22-8.7/10kV ethintela ilangatye, esetyenziselwa kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwamandla ombane phakathi kwejenereyitha, ikhabhinethi ye-high-voltage kunye nekhabhinethi ye-NGR, kwaye ineempawu zokungalali kakuhle komlilo, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala; intambo ye-low-voltage ikhetha iinkcukacha ze-ZR-YJV 0.6/1kV, kwaye intambo yokulawula ikhetha intambo ekhuselweyo ye-ZR-KVV/KYJVP, enokumelana neoyile, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokukwazi ukulwa nokuphazamiseka, ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa okuzinzileyo kwezibonakaliso zolawulo kunye namandla ombane we-low-voltage. Ikhabhinethi ye-high-voltage isebenzisa i-copper busbar (TMY) ngonyango lokunciphisa ubushushu bokugquma ukuphucula ukusebenza kokufakelwa kunye nokuthintela iimpazamo ze-short-circuit. Ngokwenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba, iqokobhe lesikhongozeli kufuneka lisekelwe ngokuthembekileyo (ubuncinane iindawo ezi-2), kwaye zonke izixhobo zombane ezifana ne-generator neutral point, ikhabhinethi ye-high-voltage, ikhabhinethi ye-NGR kunye nekhabhinethi ye-low-voltage ziqhagamshelwe kwigridi yokumisa umhlaba edibeneyo. Ukumelana nokumisa umhlaba kufuneka kube yi-≤4Ω, ekhupha ngokufanelekileyo umbane wempazamo kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
Inkqubo yokhuseleko kunye nokutshixa sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokusebenza kweyunithi, esusa iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko ngamanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela. Isixhobo sokutshixa umnyango esinombane ophezulu sinokusebenza njengokucima okanye ukutshixa xa ucango luvuliwe, sithintele abasebenzi ukuba bangene kwindawo enombane ophezulu ngempazamo kwaye kubangele iingozi zokukhwaza ngombane; isixhobo sokutshixa ngombane sinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kakubi njengokuvala ngemela yomhlaba kunye nokuvala umhlaba ngombane, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo; isixhobo sokumisa ngongxamiseko sisebenzisa indlela yokulawula eneendlela ezintathu yomatshini, iphaneli yokulawula kunye neremote, enokumisa umatshini ngokukhawuleza xa kwenzeka iimpazamo ngequbuliso, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwempazamo; kwangaxeshanye, iimpawu zokhuseleko ezifana nomngcipheko wombane ophezulu, ukungavali, iimpawu zokumisa umhlaba kunye nezibane zesilumkiso zixhonywa kwisikhongozeli kunye nezixhobo zombane ukukhumbuza abasebenzi ukuba banikele ingqalelo kukhuseleko.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezenzelwe wena ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo, le yunithi ikwabonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokumisela. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iyunithi ye-voltage ephantsi ukuze kunikezelwe umbane onyukayo, i-transformer yebhokisi ye-400V → 10.5kV ingalungiselelwa; ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza utshintsho oluzenzekelayo phakathi kwamandla amakhulu kunye neyunithi, isixhobo sokutshintsha amandla amabini se-ATS/dual sinokufaniswa; ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuphucula amandla okusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kude, ibhokisi yokujonga ekude ingalungiselelwa, idibanise imisebenzi ye-4G/5G, i-GPS kunye neqonga lamafu; ukomeleza ukhuseleko lomlilo, inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo ye-heptafluoropropane/aerosol ingalungiselelwa, ifaniswe nezixhobo zokubona umsi kunye nobushushu; kwiimfuno zengxolo kunye nobushushu, i-insulation yoboya belitye enamaleko amabini, ukususwa kwengxolo yokungenisa umoya kunye ne-exhaust kunye nee-electrical shutters zingasetyenziswa ukunciphisa ingxolo yokusebenza kweyunithi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neendawo ezishushu eziphantsi.
Uqwalaselo lombane lweyunithi yesikhongozeli esine-voltage ephezulu lulandela ngokungqongqo imigangatho efanelekileyo yesizwe neyehlabathi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wezixhobo kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza. Imigangatho eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa ibandakanya i-GB/T 2820 "IiSeti zokuvelisa zangoku eziQhutywayo zeNjini yokuQokelela kwakhona", i-GB/T 1029 "Iindlela zoVavanyo lweeMatshini eziHlanganisiweyo zeSigaba eSithathu", i-GB 50149 "Ikhowudi yoKwakha kunye noKwamkelwa koFakelo lweBhasibha kuBunjineli boFakelo loMbane", i-GB 50217 "Ikhowudi yoYilo lweeCables zoBunjineli boMbane" kunye ne-IEC 60034 "iiMatshini zoMbane eziJikelezayo". Zonke izicwangciso ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni kwaye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobonelelo lombane kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-15-2026
