Kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo ezifana namaziko edatha, iifektri ezinkulu, izibhedlele, kunye nezikhululo zamandla ezingxamisekileyo,iiseti zejenereyitha yedizili enamandla aphezuluisebenza njengomthombo wamandla okuxhasa ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane okungaphazanyiswayo kunye nokwenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokunikezelwa kombane ngexesha lokucima kombane. Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokukhuselekileyo kweeseti zejenereyitha ezinamandla aphezulu kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yamandla iyonke kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo. Uninzi lwabantu luqhelene nenjini, ijenereyitha, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula yeeseti zejenereyitha, kodwa bahlala bengawunaki isixhobo esixhasayo esingabonakaliyo kodwa esibalulekileyo - iikhabhinethi yokumelana nokuma komhlaba engathathi cala(ebizwa ngokuba yikhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba). Isebenza njenge "valve yokhuseleko" kunye "ne-firewall yempazamo" kwinkqubo yamandla ejenereyitha, sisixhobo esingundoqo esibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhusela ukumisa umhlaba yeeseti zejenereyitha zedizili ezine-voltage ephezulu, ikhusela ngokuzolileyo ukhuseleko lokusebenza kweeseti zejenereyitha kunye nenkqubo yamandla iyonke.
1. Yintoni iKhabhinethi yokuxhathisa ukuguguleka komhlaba?
Ikhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba yeseti yejenereyitha yedizili ene-voltage ephezulu iseti epheleleyo yezixhobo zokukhusela ukumisa umhlaba ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iiseti zejenereyitha ezine-voltage ephezulu ye-6kV ~ 20kV. Ngokuyintloko yenziwe zii-resistor ezizinikeleyo ezinamandla aphezulu, izakhiwo zenkxaso yokukhusela, izinto zokujonga iimpazamo, iikhabhinethi ezivaliweyo kunye nezinye iindawo. Indlela yokufakela ibaluleke kakhulu: elinye icala liqhagamshelwe kwindawo engathathi cala yejenereyitha, kwaye elinye icala liqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi ekhethekileyo yokumisa umhlaba yefektri. Ngokuyintloko, yakha indlela yokumisa umhlaba elawulekayo nekhuselekileyo yendawo engathathi cala yeiiseti zejenereyitha yedizili enamandla aphezulu.
Ngokungafaniyo nendlela elula yokumisa umhlaba ngokuthe ngqo yeeseti zejenereyitha ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi, iiseti zejenereyitha zedizili ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi azivumelekanga ngokungqongqo ekumiseni umhlaba ngokuthe ngqo okanye ekusebenzeni ngaphandle komhlaba. Ukumisa umhlaba ngokuthe ngqo kuya kubangela umbane ogqithisileyo kwaye kutshise ngoko nangoko ii-stator windings zeseti yejenereyitha; ukumisa umhlaba ngokupheleleyo kuya kukhokelela kwiingozi ezifihlakeleyo ezifana nombane ogqithisileyo wenkqubo kunye nokukhupha i-arc okuqhubekayo. Ngokusebenzisa ii-resistor ezihambelana ngokuchanekileyo zokumisa umhlaba ochasene nendawo engathathi cala, ikhabhinethi yokumisa umhlaba ilinganisela ngokugqibeleleyo ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokuzinza kweeseti zejenereyitha ezisebenzisa umbane ophakamileyo, okwenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo sokukhusela esilungiselelwe iimpawu zeenkqubo zamandla ezisebenzisa umbane ophakamileyo.
2. Umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza weKhabhinethi yokuxhathisa ukuGrounding
Ngexesha lokusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuqhelekileyo kweseti yejenereyitha ye-high-voltage, i-voltage yenkqubo iyalingana ngaphandle kweziphene zokumisa umhlaba, kwaye amandla e-neutral point asondele kwi-zero. Ikhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba ihlala ikwimeko yokulinda ngaphandle kokudlula komsinga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kungabikho kuphazamiseka okanye ukulahleka kombane ekuvelisweni kombane okuqhelekileyo kunye nokudluliselwa kweyunithi.
Xaimpazamo yokumisa umhlaba yesigaba esinye(eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kwiinkqubo ze-high-voltage, ikakhulu ibangelwa kukuguga kwe-insulation, ukuguguleka kwemigca, ukubetha kombane, kunye nokudibana kwezinto zangaphandle) kwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kweyunithi, i-voltage yesigaba esingalunganga yehla kakhulu, amandla e-neutral point anyuka ngokungaqhelekanga, kwaye i-capacitive grounding fault current iveliswa kwinkqubo. Okwangoku, ikhabhinethi yokumelana nomhlaba isebenza ngoko nangoko. I-resistor yokumelana iqhagamshelwe kwi-fault loop ukutshintsha uhlobo kunye nobukhulu be-fault current, ukunciphisa i-current kunye nokusebenzisa amandla ngokuxhathisa, ukucinezela i-neutral point voltage engaqhelekanga, kunye nokubonelela ngemiqondiso ye-fault ezinzileyo kwizixhobo zokukhusela i-relay ukuze zenze isilumkiso kunye nokulahla i-fault kwangethuba, ngokusisiseko ithintela ukunyuka kwe-fault.
3. Imisebenzi emine ephambili yeKhabhinethi yokuxhathisa ukuGrounding
3.1 Nciphisa ngokuchanekileyo iSiphene sangoku kwaye ukhusele izixhobo zeyunithi ephambili
Lo ngumsebenzi osisiseko nophambili wekhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba. Umaleko wokukhusela ojikelezayo we-statoriiseti zejenereyitha ye-high-voltageichanekile kwaye ibuthathaka. Kwimeko yesiphako somhlaba esinesigaba esinye, ngaphandle kokunciphisa umda wombane wokuxhathisa, umsinga we-capacitive wenkqubo uya kunyuka ngoko nangoko uye kumakhulu okanye amawaka ee-ampere. Umsinga omkhulu wesiphako uya kuvelisa ii-arcs zobushushu obuphezulu ezitshisa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ziphule isiseko sesinyithi se-stator kunye ne-winding insulation. Kwimeko ezincinci, ibangela umonakalo we-insulation kunye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kweyunithi; kwiimeko ezinzima, ikhokelela ekunyibilikeni kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye nokutsha kwe-winding, okubangela ukulahleka kwezixhobo ezingamawaka okanye amakhulu amawaka ee-yuan kunye nemijikelo yolondolozo ende kakhulu.
Ikhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba ingalinganisa ixabiso lokumelana ngokuchanekileyo ngokomthamo weyunithi, inciphise ngokungqongqo umbane wesiphako sokumisa umhlaba ngaphakathi koluhlu lokunyamezela olukhuselekileyo lweseti yejenereyitha ene-voltage ephezulu (ngokubanzi ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-50A kwiiyunithi ze-voltage eziqhelekileyo). Ayithinteli kuphela ukutsha kwezixhobo okubangelwa ngumbane omkhulu, kodwa ikwagcina umbane wesiphako owaneleyo wokuqalisa izixhobo zokukhusela, ifezekisa isiphumo sokukhusela esifanelekileyo "sokunciphisa umbane ngaphandle kokuvala i-alamu" kwaye yandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yeeseti zejenereyitha.
3.2 Cima ii-Arc kunye ne-Overvoltage ukuze uphephe iingozi zenkqubo
Kwiinkqubo zamandla ezisebenzisa umbane ophezulu, iimpazamo zokumisa umhlaba zesigaba esinye zinokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba zivelise ii-arcs ezijikelezayo. Ukuphela okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokutsha kwakhona kwee-arcs kuya kubangela i-transient overvoltage (i-arc overvoltage) ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kune-phase voltage. Elo volthi ephezulu ngokukhawuleza liya kudiliza isakhiwo sokufakelwa kwezixhobo ezixhasayo ezifana nemigca, ii-switchgears kunye nee-transformers, okubangela iimpazamo zokuhla kwe-cascading kuquka ii-multi-point short circuits kunye nokuqhuma kwezixhobo, okubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yamandla yonke.
Umbane ochaseneyo ongeniswe yikhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba unokunciphisa umahluko wesigaba sombane osebenza kwi-system, unciphise kakhulu amathuba okuba i-arc iphinde ivuthe, kwaye ucime ngokukhawuleza ii-grounding fault arcs. Okwangoku, unokubamba ngempumelelo i-overvoltage yenkqubo kwaye ulawule ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo, ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wokwaphuka kwe-insulation kunye nokucima kombane okukhulu okubangelwa yi-overvoltage, kwaye uqinisekise uzinzo lokusebenza kweenkqubo ze-high-voltage.
3.3 Lungiselela uKhuseleko lweRelay kwaye Uqonde Indawo echanekileyo yeMpazamo
Ukuba indawo engathathi cala yeyunithi ye-high-voltage ivulwe, umbane oveliswa ziziphene zokumisa umhlaba uba buthathaka kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kwizixhobo zokukhusela i-relay ukuba zichonge ngokuchanekileyo imiqondiso yeziphene. Oku kukhokelela ngokulula ekwaleni okanye ekusebenziseni kakubi izixhobo zokukhusela, ukungaphumeleli ukubona iziphene ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokwanda kweziphene ezincinci zibe ziingozi ezinkulu.
Emva kokuba ikhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba iqalisiwe ukusebenza, ibonelela ngombane wesiphako ozinzileyo nolawulekayo kwinkqubo, ivumela izixhobo zokukhusela ireyila ukuba zibambe imiqondiso yesiphako ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo, kwaye zigwebe ngokuchanekileyo indawo kunye nohlobo lwesiphako. Inokwenza indawo echanekileyo ye-alamu kunye nomgca wesiphako seyunithi, kwaye iqalise ngokukhawuleza ukhuseleko lokukhubeka ukuze kunqunyulwe isekethe yesiphako xa kukho iziphako ezinzima ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesiphako, iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokulahla iziphako kunye nenqanaba lokukhusela elikrelekrele lenkqubo yamandla.
3.4 Khusela uKhuseleko loBuqu kwaye Wakhe uMqobo oQinileyo woKhuseleko lwaMandla
Phantsi kweemeko zempazamo zeeseti zejenereyitha ze-voltage ephezulu, i-voltage engaqhelekanga kunye nomsinga wokuvuza ziya kudluliselwa kwiigobolondo zezixhobo kunye nemigca yokumisa umhlaba, nto leyo ezisa iingozi eziphezulu zokumoshwa kombane we-voltage ephezulu kubasebenzi ngexesha lokuhlolwa nokugcinwa. Ngokuzinzisa amandla okungathathi cala kunye nokunciphisa umsinga wokuvuza komhlaba, ikhabhinethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-voltage yomhlaba yeegobolondo zezixhobo, ilawula i-voltage yoqhagamshelwano kunye ne-voltage yesinyathelo ngaphakathi kokhuseleko lwabantu, isusa iingozi zokumoshwa kombane zobuqu ezantsi koyilo lwezixhobo, kwaye yakha umqobo oqinileyo wokhuseleko lwabasebenzi bokusebenza kunye nolondolozo.
4. Izizathu Eziphambili Zokufakelwa Okunyanzelekileyo Kweekhabhinethi Zokumelana Nomhlaba Kwiiyunithi EzineVolthi Ephezulu
Uninzi lweeseti zejenereyitha ezine-voltage ephantsi azidingi iikhabhathi zokumelana nokugalela umhlaba, nto leyo echaza ulwazi oluphantsi loluntu ngesi sixhobo. Nangona kunjalo,Iiseti zejenereyitha yedizili ene-voltage ephezulu ye-6kV nangaphezulu kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeekhabhathi zokumelana nokumisa umhlabaIinkqubo ze-voltage ephantsi zinengozi ephantsi yamandla ombane kunye neengozi eziphantsi ze-overvoltage, kwaye ukumiswa ngqo komhlaba kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iinkqubo ze-voltage ephezulu zinamanqanaba aphezulu e-voltage kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu, kwaye ukungabikho kokhuseleko lokuxhathisa ukumiswa komhlaba kuya kukhokelela kwiingozi eziqhubekayo zokutsha kwezixhobo, ukudilika kwenkqubo kunye nokutshayiswa kombane komntu.
Kwiimeko zomthwalo wenqanaba lokuqala ezifana namaziko edatha, amagumbi ezonyango aphambili, imigca yemveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nezitishi zamandla ezingxamisekileyo, uzinzo lombane kwiiseti zejenereyitha yedizili enamandla aphezulu lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwemveliso kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Njengesixhobo sokukhusela esingasebenziyo, ikhabhinethi yokumelana nomhlaba ayifuni ukusebenza ngesandla okanye umbane wangaphandle, kwaye iphendula ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha langempela xa kukho iimpazamo ngokuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu. Sisixhobo esingundoqo esingenakutshintshwa kwinkqubo yokukhusela umhlaba kwiiseti zejenereyitha ezinamandla aphezulu kwaye ikwayimfuneko eyimfuneko yeenkcukacha zokhuseleko lwamandla emizi-mveliso.
5. Isiphelo: Ikhabhinethi encinci enemisebenzi emihle
Njengesixhobo esincedisayo esibonakala silula, ikhabhinethi yokumelana nomhlaba isebenza njengomkhuseli wokhuseleko ongabonakaliyo kwiiseti zejenereyitha yedizili enamandla aphezulu. Ayithathi nxaxheba ekuvelisweni kombane okanye ayichaphazeli umbane oqhelekileyo, kodwa inokuthintela iingozi ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko lombane ngokukhawulelana kwamandla angoku, ukuphela kwe-arc, ukuzinza kombane, ukhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nokhuseleko lomntu ngamaxesha abalulekileyo okuphazamiseka ngequbuliso, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokukhuselekileyo kwexesha elide kweeseti zejenereyitha ezinamandla aphezulu.
Kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane wedizili onamandla aphezulu, ikhabhinethi yokumelana nomhlaba ayisosincedisi sokuzikhethela, kodwa sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esiqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo, uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nokhuseleko lomntu, esisebenza njengelitye elibalulekileyo lokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweenkqubo zamandla ezinamandla aphezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-10-2026
