Kwindlela yokusebenza eqhagamshelwe kwigridi ye-high-voltageiiseti zejenereyitha yedizili, ukuqonda kokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuzinza kweyunithi, ukhuseleko lwegridi yamandla kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo. Njengeshishini eligxile ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwezixhobo zamandla kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa, sidibanisa amava asebenzayo kwindawo ukuze sihlalutye ngokupheleleyo imiba ephambili, iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo zokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela kwiiseti zejenereyitha yedizili eqhagamshelwe kwigridi (10.5kV/6.3kV), ebonelela ngereferensi esebenzayo kumaqabane oshishino.
I. Imigaqo-siseko: Iindawo eziphambili zokusasazwa kwamandla asebenzayo
Xa kuthelekiswa neeyunithi ze-voltage ephantsi, ingqiqo engundoqo yokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela kwi-grid-connected high-voltageiiseti zejenereyitha yediziliiyafana, kodwa iimfuno zokulinganisa iiparameter kunye nokukhusela ubushushu zingqongqo ngakumbi. Imigaqo yayo ephambili ingashwankathelwa ngamanqaku amathathu: i-AVR Droop ehambelanayo, isalathiso sokuvuselela esihambelanayo, kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla okujikeleza kwindawo. Nje ukuba le migaqo mithathu iphulwe, iingxaki ezinje ngokungalingani kwamandla okusabela, umbane ojikelezayo ngokugqithisileyo, ukuxinana kombane, kunye nokugqithisa kwesixhobo se-AVR okanye iyunithi kunye nokukhubeka kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, okuchaphazela kakhulu ukuzinza kwenkqubo eqhagamshelwe kwigridi.
Ngokwemigaqo, amandla asebenzayo e-Q amiselwa yi-excitation current kunye ne-terminal voltage, kwaye afezekisa ulawulo oludibeneyo ngamandla asebenzayo (alawulwa yirhuluneli). Xa iyunithi enye isebenza, ukwanda komsinga woxinzelelo kuya kwandisa i-terminal voltage, nto leyo enyusa amandla asebenzayo kwaye inciphise amandla ombane; xa iiyunithi ezininzi ziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, i-system voltage ihlukile, kwaye iyunithi nganye kufuneka isasaze amandla asebenzayo ngokwempawu ze-Q-V droop (droop). Ifomyula engundoqo yile (apho kuseto lwe-voltage engenamthwalo, yi-droop coefficient, kwaye ngamandla asebenzayo eyunithi ngokwayo).
Iimeko ezintathu eziphambili zokuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo oluzinzileyo lwegridi zezi: zonke iiyunithi mazibekwe nge-positive droop (, uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-2%–5%), kwaye ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo okuhambayo ngaphandle kwe-droop okanye i-negative droop akuvumelekanga; ii-droop coefficients zeyunithi nganye kufuneka zihambelane (i-slope efanayo yeeyunithi ezinomthamo ofanayo, kwaye zihambelane ngokulinganisela okuchaseneyo nomthamo weeyunithi ezinomthamo owahlukeneyo); i-voltage engenamthwalo kufuneka ilinganiswe rhoqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukujikeleza komsinga okungokwemvelo.
II. Ubunzima obukhethekileyo kunye neengcebiso zoMngcipheko woQhagamshelo lweGridi ene-voltage ephezulu
Ukongeza kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo zeeyunithi ze-voltage ephantsi, ukusasazwa kwamandla okusabela kweeseti zejenereyitha yedizili eqhagamshelwe kwigridi (10.5kV/6.3kV) kuneengxaki ezilandelayo ezizodwa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
1. Iimfuneko ezingqongqo zokumelana nobushushu kunye neVoltage
Inqanaba lokufakelwa kombane kwiinkqubo zokuvuselela amandla aphezulu, izixhobo ze-AVR, i-PT (Potential Transformers), i-CT (Current Transformers) kunye neentambo zokudibanisa kufuneka zihambelane nendawo enombane ophezulu; kungenjalo, iingxaki ezinje ngokuqhekeka, ukonakala kokufakelwa kombane kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezixhobo kusenokwenzeka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba umonakalo wamandla ajikelezayo ajikelezayo kwicala le-high-voltage mkhulu kakhulu kunowo kwicala le-low-voltage. Umbane ojikelezayo kakhulu uya kunyusa umbane we-stator kwaye ubangele ukufudumala kokufakelwa kombane, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpazamo ezinkulu ezifana nokujikeleza okufutshane phakathi kwe-turn kunye nokutsha kwe-winding.
2. Ukuchaneka kwe-PT/CT kunye nocingo akunakutyeshelwa
Iimpazamo kwi-transformation ratio, i-polarity kunye ne-phase sequence ye-PT kunye ne-CT ziya kukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-AVR sampling, nto leyo ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokulawulwa kwe-excitation, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelela ekungalinganini okukhulu kokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela kunye ne-voltage oscillation. Kwangaxeshanye, isekethe yesibini ye-CT kwicala le-high-voltage ayivumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba ivuleke, kungenjalo iya kuvelisa amawaka ee-volts ze-overvoltage, yonakalise ngokuthe ngqo i-AVR kunye nezixhobo zesekethe yokulawula.
3. Ukungafani kwe-AVR Drop yiNgozi eQhelekileyo efihliweyo
Ukungafani kwe-AVR droop coefficient yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela okungalinganiyo kuqhagamshelo lwegridi ye-high-voltage: ukuba umahluko we-droop coefficients phakathi kweeyunithi zomthamo ofanayo udlula i-0.5%, impazamo yokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela iya kudlula i-10%; ukuba iiyunithi zomthamo owahlukileyo azibeki i-droop coefficient ngokulinganisela okuchaseneyo nomthamo, iyunithi enkulu iya kulayishwa kancinci kwaye iyunithi encinci iya kugcwala ngamandla okusabela. Ngenxa yombane omkhulu wokuvuselela weeyunithi zombane ophezulu, iingxaki zombane ojikelezayo kunye nokufudumeza izixhobo ezibangelwa kukungalingani kwe-droop ziya kubonakala ngakumbi.
4. Umahluko kwiinkqubo zoVuselelo kunye neengozi zoQhagamshelo lweGridi ngoMbane kaMasipala
Ukuba ukuvuthuza okungenabhrashi kunye nokuvuthuza okuxutyiweyo, ukuvuthuza kwe-phase compound kunye nokuvuthuza okulawulwayo zidityaniswe kwiiyunithi eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, kuya kukhokelela kwiimpawu zangaphandle ezingahambelaniyo zeeyunithi, okubangela ukushukuma kokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela kunye nokungazinzi kwevolthi; umahluko kwi-impedance ye-excitation windings yeeyunithi ze-high-voltage uya kubangela ukungalingani kombane wokuvuthuza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungalinganini kwamandla okusabela. Ukongeza, xa igridi iqhagamshelwe kumbane kamasipala (igridi enkulu yamandla, uphawu olungawiyo),iseti yejenereyitha yedizilikufuneka ibekwe nge-positive droop ye-3%–5%, kungenjalo iya "kutsalwa ngaphandle kwebhalansi" yigridi yamandla, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezifana nokubuyela umva kwamandla, ukugcwala kwe-AVR kunye nokukhubeka kweyunithi; ukuchaneka kokungqamana okunganelanga kwevolthi, i-frequency kunye nesigaba ngaphambi koqhagamshelo lwegridi kuya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokuvuselela, okukhokelela ekungalinganini kokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela.
III. Iziganeko Eziqhelekileyo Zempazamo kunye Nemiyalelo Yokusombulula Iingxaki Ngokukhawulezileyo
Xa usebenza kwindawo, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zempazamo zingasetyenziselwa ukufumana ngokukhawuleza iingxaki zokusasazwa kwamandla ombane kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusombulula iingxaki:
- Isiganeko 1: Iyunithi enye inamandla amakhulu okusabela kunye ne-low power factor (umz., 0.7), ngelixa enye iyunithi inamandla amancinci okusabela kunye ne-high power factor (umz., 0.95) — Unobangela oyintloko: Ukuthambeka kwe-AVR okungahambelaniyo kunye nezicwangciso ze-voltage ezingenamthwalo ezingalinganiyo.
- Isiganeko sesi-2: Ukujikeleza kwevolthi ejikelezayo kunye nokushukuma kwamandla okusabela emva kokuqhagamshelwa kwegridi — Unobangela oyintloko: I-droop coefficient ekufutshane no-zero (akukho droop), i-negative droop, okanye inkqubo yokuvuthela engazinzile.
- Isiganeko 3: Ukukhubeka rhoqo kweeswitshi ze-high-voltage, ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-stator, kunye ne-alamu yokushisa kakhulu ye-AVR — Unobangela oyintloko: Amandla agqithisileyo okusabela ajikeleza umbane, amandla agqithisileyo okusabela kwiyunithi enye, okanye ukusilela kwe-PT/CT.
- Isiganeko sesi-4: Emva koqhagamshelo lwegridi namandla kamasipala, amandla okusabela eseti yejenereyitha yedizili aba mandundu (afunxa amandla okusabela) kwaye into yamandla ikhokela — Unobangela oyintloko: Ukuseta ivolthi yeseti yejenereyitha yedizili kuphantsi kunevolthi yegridi, ukuwohloka kuncinci kakhulu, okanye uvuselelo alwanelanga.
IV. Izisombululo Ezisebenzayo Ezifumaneka Kwindawo
Sijolise kwingxaki yokusasazwa kwamandla ombane osebenzayo kwiiseti zejenereyitha yedizili eqhagamshelwe kwigridi, kunye namava asebenzayo kwindawo, singaqala kwiinkalo ezintathu: ukulinganiswa koqhagamshelo lwangaphambi kwegridi, ukulungiswa kakuhle koqhagamshelo lwasemva kwegridi, kunye nolawulo oluthile lwe-high-voltage ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kwamandla ombane osebenzayo okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo okuzinzileyo.
1. Uqhagamshelo lwangaphambi kwegridi: Ukulinganisa ukuHlanganisa kweParamitha yoQhubo
Ukulinganiswa kweparameter ngaphambi koqhagamshelo lwegridi sisiseko sokuphepha iingxaki zokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela. Amanqaku amathathu abalulekileyo kufuneka agxilwe kuwo: okokuqala, ukuseta i-AVR droop. I-droop coefficient yeeyunithi ezinomthamo ofanayo ilawulwa kwi-2%–5% (eqhelekileyo yi-4%), kwaye zonke iiyunithi zihambelana ngokupheleleyo; kwiiyunithi ezinezakhono ezahlukeneyo, i-droop coefficient imiselwe ngokwemilinganiselo echaseneyo nomthamo (). Umzekelo, iyunithi ye-1000kVA imiselwe kwi-4%, kwaye iyunithi ye-500kVA imiselwe kwi-8%. Okwesibini, ukulinganiswa kwe-voltage engenamthwalo. I-voltage yesibini ye-PT kwicala le-high-voltage idibeneyo (umz., i-100V), kwaye ukuphambuka kwe-AVR no-load voltage kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±0.5%. Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwe-PT/CT. Jonga ukuba umlinganiselo wokuguqulwa, i-polarity kunye nolandelelwano lwesigaba zichanekile na, qinisekisa ukuseka okuthembekileyo kwesekethe yesibini, kwaye uthintele ngokungqongqo ukuvulwa kwesekethe yesibini ye-CT.
2. Uqhagamshelo lwe-Post-grid: Lungisa kakuhle uSasazo lwaMandla oluSebenzayo
Emva koqhagamshelo lwegridi, umgaqo "wokuzinzisa amandla asebenzayo kuqala, uze ulungise amandla asebenzayo" kufuneka ulandelwe ukuze kuphuculwe usasazo lwamandla olusebenzayo kancinci kancinci: okokuqala, jonga imitha yamandla esabelayo, imitha ye-power factor kunye nedatha yemitha ye-voltage yeyunithi nganye; ukuba iyunithi inamandla aphezulu asabelayo (i-power factor ephantsi), ukunyusa kweyunithi kunokuncitshiswa (ixabiso eliphantsi le-AVR elinikiweyo); ukuba amandla asabelayo aphantsi (i-power factor ephezulu), ukunyusa kweyunithi kunokunyuswa. Injongo yokugqibela kukufezekisa ukusasazwa kwamandla asabelayo ngokomlinganiselo womthamo, ngempazamo yokusasazwa elawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±10% (ngokuhambelana nomgangatho we-GB/T 2820), ukuphambuka kwe-voltage ≤±5%, kunye ne-power factor egcinwe kwi-0.8–0.9 esemva. Ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, umsebenzi wokusasazwa komthwalo we-AVR ngokuzenzekelayo (ukulinganisa umgca/imbuyekezo yangoku ejikelezayo) ungavulwa. Kwiiyunithi ze-high-voltage, imigca ye-DC equalizing (yemodeli efanayo) okanye ulawulo lwe-reactive power droop zikhethwa ukuphucula ukuchaneka kohlengahlengiso.
3. Ulawulo olujolise kumbane ophezulu: Ukuqinisa uKhuseleko kunye noKhuseleko
Ngokweempawu zeeyunithi ze-high-voltage, amanyathelo ongezelelweyo okucinezela umbane ojikelezayo kunye nokuphucula ubushushu ayafuneka: faka isixhobo sokujonga nokukhusela umbane ojikelezayo osecaleni kwe-high-voltage, esiya kubonakalisa i-alamu ebambezelekileyo okanye ukukhubeka xa umbane ojikelezayo udlula umgangatho (odlula i-5% yamandla alinganiselweyo) ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo wezixhobo; iisekethe zokukhupha umbane eziphezulu, izixhobo ze-AVR kunye neentambo zokudibanisa zamkela i-insulation grade F okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye zimelana novavanyo lwe-voltage oluqhutywa rhoqo ukujonga ngexesha elifanelekileyo iingozi ezifihlakeleyo zokukhupha umbane; iiseti zejenereyitha yedizili ephezulu kwindawo enye kufuneka zizame ukwamkela imo efanayo yokukhupha umbane kunye nemodeli ye-AVR ukuze kuthintelwe iimpawu zangaphandle ezingahambelaniyo ezibangelwa kukuxubana.
V. Imida Esemgangathweni kunye neeNgcebiso zeShishini
Ngokwemigangatho kazwelonke ye-GB/T 2820, ukusasazwa kwamandla okusabela kwiiseti zejenereyitha yedizili eqhagamshelwe kwigridi kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nale mida ilandelayo: impazamo yokusasazwa kwamandla okusabela, ≤±10% kwiiyunithi ezinomthamo ofanayo, ≤±10% kwiiyunithi ezinkulu kunye ≤±20% kwiiyunithi ezincinci ezinomthamo owahlukileyo; izinga lokulawula i-voltage (droop) lilawulwa kwi-2%–5% (positive droop), kwaye ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kwe-droop okanye i-negative droop akuvumelekanga; umbane ojikelezayo ≤5% wombane olinganisiweyo, omele ulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwiiyunithi ezinomthamo ophezulu.
Xa sidibene namava eminyaka kushishino, sicebisa ukuba amashishini alandele ngokungqongqo imigaqo "yokulinganisa uqhagamshelo lwangaphambi kwegridi, ukujonga uqhagamshelo lwasemva kwegridi kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo" xa iiseti zejenereyitha zedizili ezine-voltage ephezulu zisebenza ngokudibeneyo kwegridi: gxila kwi-calibrating droop coefficient, i-voltage engenamthwalo kunye neeparameter ze-PT/CT ngaphambi koqhagamshelo lwegridi; ukujonga usasazo lwamandla olusabelayo ngexesha langempela, umbane ojikelezayo kunye nobushushu bezixhobo emva koqhagamshelo lwegridi; ukubona rhoqo kunye nokugcina inkqubo yokuvuselela kunye nokusebenza kwe-insulation ukuze kuthintelwe iimpazamo ezinxulumene nosasazo lwamandla olusabelayo oluvela kumthombo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweyunithi kunye negridi yamandla.
Ukuba ujongene neengxaki ezithile kulwabiwo lwamandla olusebenzayo lweeseti zejenereyitha zedizili eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, ungaqhagamshelana neqela lethu lobuchwephesha, kwaye siya kubonelela ngesikhokelo kunye nezisombululo zomntu ngamnye kwindawo leyo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-28-2026
